How to stay optimistic in the face of pain, guilt and death by turning each into a chance.
Viktor Frankl's framework, from Man's Search for Meaning, pp. 112 to 125.
Pain
Turn suffering into a human achievement and accomplishment.
Guilt
Take the opportunity to change oneself for the better.
Death and transitoriness
Use the passing of time as an incentive to take responsible action.
From chapter: Postscript 1984, pp. 112–125
Frankl defines tragic optimism as staying optimistic despite pain, guilt and death. He argues that happiness must ensue from a reason to be happy, and that the feeling of meaninglessness underlies depression, aggression and addiction, citing figures from Yalom, Vienna and addiction studies. Meaning is available through creating, experiencing and above all the attitude taken to suffering, shown by Jerry Long. He ends by stressing that human dignity does not depend on usefulness, and by warning against nihilism.
